Assignment Task
Introduction
The primary aim of the paper is to determine the psychological and sociological factors which affected the patient suffering with diabetes. Diabetes is regarded as a metabolic disease that causes the blood sugar level to increase (Kalyani, RGolden & Cefalu, 2017). In the body the insulin hormone assists in shifting the sugar from the blood towards the cells for loading energy. It has been observed that Mrs.X an 82 year old patient has been suffering with diabetes and due to this she is facing the common symptoms like she lost substantial amount of body weight, rise in hunger and thirst, regular visits to the washroom for urination, tenderness in the skin, no remedial to the injury, infection and itchy skin. As she was suffering with diabetes her body does not produce enough insulin. As the patient has family history of diabetes, hence she got easily diagnosed to this disease. Furthermore, she was also suffering from high blood pressure levels. Despite of consistent medical checkup and clinical intervention she did not pay attention to the instructions provided by the doctors that made her diabetes much complex with time.
She began getting depressed, skin issues developed and ultimately lost her memory. Thus, her blood sugar levels got sky-high that resulted into the damage of nerve known as diabetic neuropathy. This condition led her severe sensitivity and pain in the foot along with pain, infection and ulcers in the joints. After looking towards her health status her family members provided her with nursing care at home along with regular check-up as well as the examination of sugar level were performed. Thus, under a medical team, she was under stern supervision. Therefore, this patient has been chosen as diabetes is determined to be a chronic condition and is related to sociological and psychological factors.
Psychology and Sociology Health
Option 1
Reflection on the psychological factors
What
There are certain psychological factors such as emotional distress, exposure to stress and personality stress due to which an individual becomes susceptible to suffer from diabetes. It is evident that psychological factors is a risk factor for the development of diabetes (Conversano, 2019). As seen in the case study, the patient developed depression, anxiety and memory loss due to the psychological problems which further leads to diabetes, the mental and emotional health of a patient degrades considerably, which affects the monitoring of glucose levels. There are negative effects of psychological factors on the diabetes mellitus. In children, adult and adolescent with diabetes mellitus, depression leads to poor glycemic control, increased cost in health care, diabetes complications, worsening of functional disability as well as early mortality. It is observed that the patient is dealing with psychological distress during diagnosis, which in turn might lead to a high risk of cardiovascular events. The negative effects of mood on the immune system and endothelial functions are further compounded in a diabetic patient. Moreover, the presence of hyperlipidemia and hypertension in diabetic patients leads to detrimental effect on the macro and micro vascular tissues (Kalra, Jena & Yeravdekar, 2018).
So what
It is clearly hypothesized that, the emotional fluctuation which are highly unregulated, leads to variability in blood. Due to worriness and anxiety, the patient in the case study, can get through oxidation of cholesterol, and glycosylation which leads to progression of atherosclerosis. (Kalra, Jena & Yeravdekar, 2018). This takes place due to the promotion of vascular smooth muscle migration along with proliferation. Since the emotions gets heightened due to the psychological factors, it has created a negative impact on the physical health of the patient. Unpredictable surge in the pulse and blood pressure is observed. Her autonomous nervous system might activate along with the activation of hypothalamic- pituitary adrenal axis which can affect her metabolic as well as immune functioning (Martino, Langher, Cazzato & Vicario, 2019). In order to regulate and put control on the issues, there are certain interventions that she ought to take as a self-management task.
Now what
Clinicians suggests performing exercises and diets, injections, self-monitoring, regular therapy, self-adjustments of the treatment and visiting clinic regularly. Diabetes mainly requires lifelong self-management of the patients. Good control over glycemia can only be achieved through considerable amount of self-management. Clinicians advise patients to adopt a series of self-monitoring actions (Halim & Halim, 2019). Psychologists can help to cope up with the distress in diabetes by assisting with stress and carrying out a treatment plan. They can help patients to alter their behaviors in order to improve eating habit, activity levels etc. They may further help- the patients to follow sudden strategies to take right medications to ensure their regular test of blood glucose. Mrs X, the case study patient, can take the help of psychologist to address her emotional reactions such as anxiety, guilt, and disbelief. A psychologically induced diabetic patient should definitely go for a psychologist as they further help in, by discussing that the patient is already doing well to get better along with suggesting, that which behavior related to diabetes management should they work on.
Option 2
Reflection on the Sociological factors
What
I have analyzed the fact that Mrs. X, an 82 year old patient has been suffering with diabetes which created a negative impact on her health condition. Due to diabetes she got depressed, started developing skin issues and lost her memory. I have observed that the common symptoms like she lost substantial amount of body weight, rise in hunger and thirst, regular visits to the washroom for urination, tenderness in the skin, no remedial to the injury, infection and itchy skin.
So what
From the case scenario, I have acknowledged that age is considered to be the major sociological factors which made Mrs. Mary to suffer with diabetes. It is seen that older adults are at significant risk for the development of diabetes because of the joined effects of weakened pancreatic islet function with aging and maximizing insulin resistance (Arsenis, You, Ogawa, Tinsley & Zuo, 2017). Therefore, due to diabetes Mrs. X is dealing physical inactivity where she face difficulty in doing her regular chores. I have analyzed that as she was suffering with diabetes her body does not produce enough insulin. Due to aging which is considered to be the sociological factor, she is highly dependent upon her family members to perform regular activities. Therefore, having the disease made her to get some serious health complications. I have analyzed that due to aging, Mrs. X also suffer with retinopathy, glaucoma and cataract which in turn might lead to blur vision, see double, have trouble reading books or sign, have pain in both or one eye, feeling pressure inside the eyes or observe floaters or spots.
Now what
It is seen that after looking towards her health status her family members provided her with nursing carers at home along with regular check-up as well as the examination of sugar level were performed. I have acknowledged that, as she is 82-years old, hence this sociological factors led to diabetes which in turn created a negative impact on her health condition. However, the patient must undergo random plasma glucose test during the day to manage diabetes. A diabetes patient is required to set a proper meal plan with the support of the community dietician (de Wit, Trief, Huber & Willaing, 2020). It will help her to make a healthy eating choices and adequate portions of the meal are served. I come to know that currently diabetes might create an impact on her normal regular tasks, utilizing good judgment, capability to learn along with the memory loss. Currently, having diabetes might also create a negative impact on the appetite due to aging. Hence, there is a need to take antiviral medications which will help her in treating diabetes. Moreover, I have acknowledged that to overcome from the sociological factor her blood sugar level must be monitored regularly through a monitoring device with reduced-fat diet and prescribed medication like aspirin which minimizes the risk of stroke as well as heart attack.
Conclusion
The paper demonstrated an understanding of the psychological and sociological factors which created an impact on the patient’s health condition by making an efficient utilization of Rolfe’s model. According to the longitudinal studies so far suggests that not just depression, but general emotions such as stress, sleeping problem, anxiety, anger and hostility are also associated with the development of risk of diabetes. From the case study, it has been observed that the patient developed depression, anxiety and memory loss due to the psychological problems which further leads to diabetes, the mental and emotional health. It has been analyzed that the patient is dealing with psychological distress during diagnosis, which in turn might lead to a high risk of cardiovascular events. From the case study it has been evaluated that since the emotions gets heightened due to the psychological factors, it has created a negative impact on the physical health of the patient. Unpredictable surge in the pulse and blood pressure is observed. Furthermore, in order to manage as well as put control on the issues, there comprises of certain interventions which Mrs X must adopt in the form of a self-management task. While, it is seen that aging is determined to be sociological factor which led to the occurrence of the disease and created a negative impact on her health condition to a greater extent.
The biopsychosocial model determines the illness and health behaviors as products of biological features like genes, behavioral factors like health beliefs, stress and lifestyle along with social conditions like social support, family relationships and cultural influences. It can be said that in the future clinical cycle the integration of the biopsychosocial model will help the patient to overcome the disease (Kusnanto, Agustian & Hilmanto, 2018). The model comprises of three major aspects like meaningfulness, manageability and comprehensibility. It is seen that comprehensibility is referred to as diabetes numeracy and literacy that can be attained through therapeutic patient education. Thus, this must be created to make sure that the information is transmitted among the patient living with diabetes and her/his care provider. While, manageability is considered to be the feeling of self-confidence which takes place occurs if suitable diabetes self-management assistances are imparted (Driscoll et al., 2017). It has been analyzed that reducing the distress of change related with life with diabetes, is said to be a major aspect of making sure manageability.
By using this model psychologists helps a lot by working with the diabetic patient who have been referred by the physician, dietician, and other health professionals. Moreover, the third element is meaningfulness where the emotional condition of meaningfulness is similar to self-determination in living with diabetes. This can be attained via a sustained procedure of person-provider communication, which involves support as well as counseling (Alrahbi & Alghenaimi, 2017). Coping skills training to minimize diabetes distress will help in overlapping both meaningfulness and manageability, and will also support in enhancing the overall sense of consistency. Therefore, with the help of support and counseling the patient will be able to address her adverse health condition.
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